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Other Jewish Sites in Lublin
The Synagogue in Lublin, Lubartowska street
The synagogue was built in 1889 in the classical style as a private house of prayer; after 1905, it belonged to the Jewish Religious Community. Beginning at that time, it served as the synagogue of the Chevra Nosim (Bearers of Corpses) burial society. The Talmudic lectures (Sziur be Cibur) presented by Mosze Ajzenberg and Dawid Muszkatblit became famous. The synagogue, though heavily damaged, has survived, since it was not located within the ghetto itself. It was renovated after the war and continued to function until 1984, when its Sabbath services were cancelled to lack of a sufficient number of participants (minyan). After being renovated in 1987, it continues at least in part to serve a religious purpose. In 1987, for example, the bar mitzvah of Jakub Muszkatblit, the great-grandson of the lecturer by that name, was held there. It also houses a Memorial Room of the Lublin Jews, were archival photographs, old Hebrew books and liturgical items are on display.
Memorial Route of the Lublin Jews. Opened 29 June 2001, this route is 2.5 km long, and includes thirteen buildings and places related to the history of Lublin's Jewish community. The route starts at the foot of the Lublin castle and ends at the Grodzka gate in Old Town.
Site of the former Maharszala Synagogue
In the castle district there are several historical sites: a memorial plaque outlines the layout of the former Jewish quarter, which included the following streets: Cyrulicza, Furmańska, Jateczna, Kowalska, Krawiecka, Mostowa, Nadstawna, Podzamcze, Ruska and Szeroka. Although these now comprise part of the castle district, they used to make up the heart of Lublin's Jewish quarter. Poor Jews also lived in the suburbs of Piaski, Kalinowszczyzna and Wieniawa). A second memorial plaque marks the place where the Maharshal Synagogue used to stand on Jateczna Street. It used to be the center of religious and administrative life. This plaque was funded by the Lublin City Hall and the organization of former Lublin residents now living in Israel.
Bejt Midrasz. Photo: A.Olej&K. Kobus:
The great Maharshal Synagogue was built in 1657. Its name comes from the name of the eminent Lublin rabbi, Salomon Luria, who was called "Maharshal". The synagogue complex included the Maharshal Synagogue, the smaller Maharani Synagogue and a tiny synagogue called Szywe Kryj. The complex could accommodate 3,000 people. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, a famous yeshiva also functioned there, though it ceased operation after the destruction wrought by Chmielnicki's Cossacks in the Jewish quarter. During the Second World War, the great Synagogue was closed and could no longer be used for religious purposes. It housed the People's Kitchen for Poor Jews, then later a shelter for refugees and deportees who were in the Lublin Ghetto. In March 1942, the Germans made the great Synagogue into an assembly point for Jews being deported to the death camp in Bełżec. After the ghetto was liquidated, the Synagogue was demolished; what remained of its ruins was removed after the war.
Castle Square (Plac Zamkowy)
In the building that once housed the tsaddik's court, a plaque dedicated to the famous tsaddik Jakub Icchak Horowitz ("The Seer of Lublin") was unveiled in October 1997.
The Jewish Hospital in Lublin, ul. Lubartowska
The hospital was built in 1886 thanks to funds from the Jewish Community and private donors. This hospital was designed for one hundred beds, and although it may not have been very impressive in terms of scale, it was nevertheless modern and fully equipped. This hospital also had a small synagogue. Leading specialists worked there, including Drs. Jakub Cynberg (one of the town�s first supporters of Zionism), Marek Arnsztajn (the husband of poet Franciszka Arnsztajnowa) and Henryk Mandelbaum, whose daughter, Professor Krystyna Modrzewska described her family�s history in several publications, including Trzy razy Lublin (Thrice Lublin). During the occupation, the hospital continued functioning, despite the fact that the Germans had looted its equipment. The hospital was liquidated by the Germans in 1942, when Ghetto �A� was liquidated. Some of its patients were killed there, and the others, about four hundred, including staff, were taken by the Germans to the hospital near the village of Dys and shot. After the ghetto was liquidated, the hospital was turned into a German military hospital. After the war, it served as a medical facility, and currently houses a maternity clinic. In 1986, a memorial plaque was unveiled on the wall of the building.
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Building of the Icchak Lejbusz Perec Jewish Cultural Center, Czwartek street
Construction on the building began in the 1930s, and its opening was officially planned for 1 September 1939. It was to hold a school, library, and an auditorium to be used as a cinema and for theater productions. The project was planned at the initiative of the Local Committee of the Socialist Party of the Jewish Bund, and the funds came from donations from local Jews, as well as former Jewish residents of Lublin who had emigrated. It was never officially opened. During the war, the ghetto�s epidemiological hospital was located there. Its patients and staff were shot in March 1942 in the forest near the village of Dys. The Perec House became the center of Jewish life after the war. At first, it served as a shelter for those who had lost all their belongings; later, it was used as an elementary school for Jewish children, run by Poale Zion Left. When the communist authorities liquidated all independent organizations in 1949, the school was closed, like all private and religious schools. After 1949, the building was handed over to the Medical Academy. In 1987, a memorial plaque was unveiled on the building's wall.
Memorial to the Victims of the Lublin Ghetto, Ghetto Victims Square
The memorial was dedicated in 1962 at the initiative of Izydor Sznajdman, the last chairman of Lublin's Social and Cultural Society of Jews in Poland. The memorial was designed by Professor B. Zagajewski. The memorial is shaped like a matsevah, with an inscription that says: "In every handful of ash, I search for my loved ones", from "Dos lid funem oysgehargetn yidishn folk" (Yiddish: "Song of the Murdered Jewish People" by Yitzhak Katzenelson). Engraved at the base of the monument are the names of all the death and labor camps to which the Lublin Jews were sent during the occupation (Bełżec, Sobibór, Treblinka, Majdanek, Trawniki, Poniatowa, Budzyń and Zamość).
Crčche, Grodzka street
Jews had been allowed to settle on ul. Grodzka since 1862. The Jewish Orphanage, known as "the Crčche" began functioning in the building at no. 11 in 1867. It had been founded in 1857 thanks to the private funds of a modest shoemaker named Berek Cwajg, who donated his entire lifetime�s savings to this cause. There was also an elementary school for Jewish children, and that same building housed the offices of the Jewish Religious Community, primarily those of the Community Council. After 1939, the Religious Community was made into the Judenrat. During the occupation, the elderly also found refuge here. During the liquidation action of ghetto "A" in March 1942, the Germans took them all to the meadows of Tatary and shot them. A memorial plaque is part of one of its walls.
The Grodzka Gate
The Grodzka Gate was built when the town was fortified during the reign of Kazimierz the Great; its current form dates back to 1787. Since the sixteenth century, this was the border between the Jewish and Christian Towns, and the gate led to the Jerusalem of Poland.
Grodzka Gate. Photo: A.Olej&K. Kobus:
At present, the building houses the headquarters of the Grodzka Gate-NN Theater Center, which cultivates the memory of the Jewish presence in Lublin. Next to the gate at ul. Szeroka 28 is the only restaurant in Lublin featuring Jewish cuisine.
Prominent Lublin Jews
Załkind Hurwic, who later became an eminent French philosopher and member of the Royal Society of Science and Art in Paris, was born in Lublin in 1740. Over one hundred years later, Emil Meyerson (1859-1933), founder of the philosophical school known as casualism, also emigrated to Paris. Samuel Arzt (1818-1900), who later converted to Calvinism, was also from Lublin. He moved to Warsaw and, having changed his name to Stanisław Arct, became one of Poland most famous booksellers. The family of the famous composer, Henryk Wieniawski (1835-1880) also came from Lublin. He became one of the leading violinists of the second half of the nineteenth century. His father was a physician named Tobiasz Pietruszka, who converted to Catholicism and changed his name to Tadeusz Wieniawski, after the place where the family lived - Wieniawy, which is today a district of Lublin.
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